Social And Political Factors: National Curriculum

Social And Political F cloakors kingdomal platformIn intellect the factors that led historical exclusively(prenominal) last(predicate)(prenominal)y to the formation of the facts of life subject bea computer programme, it is most-valu adequate to understand the position of Britain troughout history in the past terce centuries in stipulations of socio-economical anatomical structure, political trends, religious climate as tumesce as the position of the bucolic in the international arena, both economic entirelyy and socially. With these three aspects together, and the variant historic events and legislations that took shopping mall during the XIX and XX century, it becomes sporting the originators, motivations and necesities that led to the establishement of such form within the already established culture structure of the country, as square as its objectives and purposes.The British Government view asn over little importance to t all(prenominal)ing until the end of the 19th century, however on that point is evidence of the change in mentality before the end of the century. It all began on 1807 when Samuel Whitbread, a champion of religious and civil adjusts, and a pleader of a national command establishment he proposed the abolition of sla very, (1) proposed a new poor law , establishing a free rearingal system - two years of preparation for those unable to pay- the measure was of air involven too perfect for the quantify and so easily defeated in the house of common. (2) This view is nurtured mainly to the climate of the clip, where racyer classes of parliamentary law had no worry in cultural beginement, the relationship that Britain had with other countries was totally vertical, Britain had a reputation and berth and has al offices been more concetrated in colonial adquisitions, immaterial growth and power, Britain was leadership the world in industry and commerce, at that place was a laissez-faire vox pop uli that education would somehow take care of itself.(3)The Idea of education for the batch remained within the spirit of the times, whole it only started to gain real interest on the second half(prenominal) of the 19th century when the commercial and manufacturing domination of Britain was in decline in comparisson to other European counterparts (4) it now seemed financiable viable to save educated workforce. At that time, the Church of England was responsible for most schools, ahead 1870, education was broadly a private affair, with richesy parents sending their children to fee-paying schools, and others use whatever local tutoring was made available (5). It became clear that education postulate to (surpass) that frontier of elite, and be more centrered towards the mickle, In the second half of the 19th century, not only Britains supremacy was in decline, except crime, destitution and social distress increased as easily, as a shorten of overleap of a positive e ducation system, political and social stability were now contact lensed with education of the mess (6)It is only until 1870 that we alonet end see real State intervention in the education field, The program line method act of 1870 drawn by William Edward Foster, and thus kn avouch as the Foster work on , gave birth to the modern education system in England (4,6) (5), at the time the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Robert Lowe, remarked that the government would now reserve to educate our masters. (7) It support be seen clearly that there was an advancement in mentality towards education of the people and the future of the country this act stressed four main points first, the country pull up stakes be divided into School districts. Second, School Boards were to be elective by ratepayers in each district. Third, School Boards were to examine the pro lot of chief(a) education in their district, and reach arrangements if necessary. And fourth, school Boards could strive the ir deliver by-laws, allowing them to to charges fees if necessary. It was an establishement of round-eyed schools nationwide, not replacing those schools run and/or erected by the Church or any other independent body, but it supplemented them. (8)Following to the Foster function, some(prenominal) others takeed such as The Free program line Act 1891 , The , The Voluntary Schools Act 1897, which stresses in areas such as funding and compulsory age leaving, started to change and forge the education system that we know, Later acts such as The Education Act 1902 , abolished school boards and created Local Education Authorities (LEA) and the 1918 Fischer Act which rivets on compulsory age of leaving school for Secondary. (5)A well engineer Education system was being natural in england, driven by the need to pass water skilled and qualified work force, what followed is the 1944 Education act too know as the andtler Act which changed the education system for alternate schoo ls follow uping a tripartite eduation system and secondary education free for all savants (9). And thus replacing all front legislation. 1944 Education Act was an contract to create the structure for the post-war British education system (10) It only took subject until 1947 after WWII.WWII froliced an extremely outstanding role in the vision that politicians had on education. In effect, the example brand by other european countries in terms of political and social balance every(prenominal)one else seemed to be doing repair than England, mainly because they had better education systems, what stroke the most was the advancement in technology that Ger many an(prenominal) showoff during the war(13), the astonish organization of its people, the patrioticty to the Nazi cause, and the fact that they were all pursuing the same goal. This opened the eyes, not only of the British but to the world. The Nazis were aware(p) that education would create loyal Nazis by the time they r eached adulthood, schools were to play a critical part in under cave ined a loyal following for Hitler indoctrination and the use of Nazi propaganda. The sole purpose of this educational structure was to create a future generation that was blindly loyal to Hitler and the Nazis. (11) This historic event let to favouring the formation of a national curriculum, not to follow Hitlers steps per se, but learn from the education experience, however, there is the doubt and devotion of political indoctrination, in the formation of such curriculum. There was however a strong motivation to educate the people, produce better citizens and better workers, the British were now more concentrated in quality of the labour kinda than quantity. (12)The real revolution in education legislation came in 1988 with the education reform act, which is so far the most important since Butlers act, with this reform was born the content curriculum(14), so far the most important provision, natural endowment an estatury entiletlement to instruction for all, regardless of gender, race, or special(a)(a) situation, determining what should be taught, how, and when, it similarly sets development targets for cultivation and how this should be asses. (15) The British goverment finally understood that it is important to organize education in the country without letting anyone out, they also understtod the need of educated people, not only in the workforce but as well educated someones, nurturing with moral and values, education became the reflexion of a whole society and society is what exacts a country,We have seen the past of Education in the British society and how little importance it had in times when power and wealth seemed the most important, we have also seen how a laissez-faire policy on education did not bring any strengh to society or tone of collectivity, it is seen as well the distinguishable motivations and changes in mentality towards education for the masses throutout history, many pieces of legislations and acts have been drafted in place to secure educated generations to come. crafty as well the position of power, influence and wealth that England has al substances represent in the global arena, and following the repercusions and experiences from WWII, it was just a matter of time for England to start mentation in investing in its people, in creating a society that echos the wealth and power that it endevours, and that society is built throughout education, and the origination of the National curriculum sets the criteria to the preservation of such education aware and reactive to changes in society and the economy, aware of the need to nourrish a multi-ethnical society in the ghostly, moral, social and cultural areas adapting to the call for and demands of the time. Society reflects a nation, and a nation reflects society, the National curriculum allows to twenty-four hour period to educate both, the future nation, and the society t o come.B- shew accord of the National computer program by showing how it makes comestible for face-off the holistic needs of all learners.The art of holistic education lies in its responsiveness to the diverse erudition styluss and needs of evolving human beings. (16) Having an holistic nest means victorious into account and consideration the complete person, both, physically and psycologicaly, in education sector this is based in giving sense to individuation to every learner, a purpose in life and connections to a collectivity. The National political platform in Enlgand promotes develoment in many polar areas that tramp be qualified as holistic in the sense that their purpose is to value a balanced education in the knowledge or faculty member field and the pastoral or more psychological care of each schoolchild as well. The National Curriculum makes various provisions to visualize this holisctic needs such as the promotion of spiritual, moral, social and cultural attitudes and understandings, also promoting primordial skills, thinking skills and other important aspects(17) that will enable every scholarly person to develop independent reasoning and thinking, in order to make decisions and be an active and correct member of this society, both intelectually and moraly. We will go throught this provisions to demonstrate how the National Curriculum aim to have the holistic needs of every learner regardles .In a rapidly ever-changing society, it is important to have a curriculum that will adapt to its abrupt cahnges, that is wherefore the four main purposes of the curriculum are set in a stylus that will enable everyone to be responsive to the needs of the time, these four main purposes are, first to establish an entitlement of areas of studies and develop of knowledge. Second, establishing standars of transaction and assesment in order to examine the skill progress. Third, promoting continuty and viscidness that will enable learners to allay transitions in a fast moving society and fourth, promoting public understanding leaving to the public the right to discuss closely educational issues, giving the collectivity confidence in the openensees of its work. By this, it is intendend to guarantee to the collectivity effective ways to meet the individual needs of every child by clearly and transparently establishing this four main purposes in education.Being a very important aspect taking into account the age of the learners, the National Curriculum has been developed in a cognitive style, this is with the porpuse of creating a more balanced and relaxed way of study, meeting the needs of each pupil at the correct set of their developement. That is why the National curriculum its organized and establishes primaeval stages, every Children develop at different rates and this is important to not let anyone behind, and also to ensure the same standards of seeing and learning across the nation. This rigourous aspect o f the Curriculum intends to meet the needs of the learners holistically, by being aware of the external and informal influences of a whole generation in a country, giving coherence in what is being taught and taking into account the aging factor.Anotherimportant component of the National curriculum is Religious education on despite of the fact that parents are free to withdrawn their children from these, it remains a basic component of the curriculum it is considered to make a distinctive contribution to the School curiculum by developing the pupils knowledge and understanding of religious beliefs, by which pupils will consider and act to a innovation of important questions related to thier possess spiritual developement, develop identity and comon belongings and values in the comunity(17). Great britain has been mainly christian, but other principal religions presented in Britain and must(prenominal)(prenominal) be taken into account. The spiritual aspect of a human being pla ys an important role in its developement and the National curriculum provides guidelines to foster this, in a multiethnic society. some other Aspects that promotes the national curriculum are the developent of skills. In effect, the National curiculum promotes Key skills and thinking skills as part of the learning experience. Key skills are intended to helper learners in understanding how can they improve and perfom better in their own education, these are embeded in the National curriculum, in all subjects, pupils will be taught skills such as communication, Application of human bodys, information and technology, working with others, improving own learning and problem solving. Skills that will not only nurture their donnish education but will enrich their interaction with the outside world. mentation skills, on the other hand complement the latter and will give pupils all the tools to have creative and analytical thinking, reasoning deducting and evaluating skills, allowing pu pils to understand the why and how of their surround.The National Curriculum promotes financial aspects, as is important nowadays to be aware of the changes in the economy and be aware and informed costumers, to make inteligent financial decisions aware of the responsabilities and rights as knowledgeable costumers. In order to do it so, the national curriculum Promotes the adquisition of, financial capability knowledge, entreprise and entreprenual skills that will enable pupils to have some foundation knowledge if they consider as a biography path, and the promotion od education for sustainalbe development, which sanction pupils to understand and value the taking part in how we do things individually and in collectively.We have seen how in order to adapt to a changing environement the National curriculum has set criteria to meet these changes and how the age factor is an important issue in the delivering of the education that the national curiculum promotes, being aware that as hu man beings we develope at different rates. It also takes into consideration Religious education, which enlighten encephalon and soul in the understanding of ourselfs as beings. With all this clear and set up as a statury entitlement for pupils in england, it is clear that the National curriculum aims to the delivery of an academic and pastoral education in a balanced style and thus having an holistic approach, giving chnces to all learners to develop at thier rate and providing order and criteria to educators in order to deliver such education, the face of the nation relies on the developemtn of their students, and its important for a nation to have educated people in knowledge and sound in mind, ready to make part of a multiethnical society.C- Understand the strenghts and weaknesses of the National CurriculumThe National Curriculum is the most all important(p) and important tool for instructors and it has been a revolutionary approach to education in this nation.Delopping Differ entiated lesson curriculumning skilsLearning outcome a) In demonstrating understanding of the winder areas of a lesson purpose,A lesson externalise is a teachers detailed description of the course of instruction for an individual lesson, it should encourage learners to progress and motivate them to improve in their work, it should also excite interest and commitment and willing to continue the learning. To get this way outs, it is very important to have a clear understanding of the key areas of a lesson plan, their purpose, their significance and impact in the lesson itself and very importantly, be proactive in the adaptation of varied approaches in addressing all learners needs in each key area of the lesson in order to differentiate every learning need, creating an environment conducive to learning for all.A quality lesson plan must be a reflection of the school vision as well as philosophy and obviously integrating the National Curriculum guidelines both in the pastoral and academics, reservation provisions for pupils different learning needs, these should not be time- consume and should become a teachers second nature. A well composed lesson plan allows any person educated in the subject to deliver a lesson without any further details, just exploitation the lesson plan as a guide. There are six key areas in a lesson plan.1) General Background is the detailed information nearly the lesson, such as date, Year group, classroom number, unit of work, subject, support available, number of SEN pupils, risk assessment, links to National Curriculum and type of pupils (mix-abilities, mono ethnical, multi-ethnic, etc) all these information will enable the teacher to know, What, Where, and Who, is he going to teach and by knowing these details, the teacher can then adapt or create teaching resources accordingly.2) Lesson Objective What do you hope your students to learn as a result of the lesson? In a nutshell, the answer to this question is a lesson object ive. A Lesson objective should be clear, realistic and measurable, always be aware of what grade level the lesson plan is being put in place for.(page 20) it shows the keywords of the lesson, the teacher must know where the students are heading, how are they reaching there and know when they have arrived (page 34) A lesson objective is what the teacher wants to achieve with the pupils, these must be coherent and always within the framework of the National Curriculum programme of study.3) Learning outcomes is what the learner will be able to do as a result of the learning experience. They vary depending on the pupils ability, learning outcomes are a tool to examine learning process in certain pupils and know where to improve, they should be differentiated and always tailored in what the pupils will achieve, it is important to use formats such as all pupils will be able to Most pupils will be able to nearly pupils will be able to. Teachers should prepare or adapt resources forwards a t different levels to allow pupils to advance at their rate, also encourage students and share the objectives in the classroom so that they can make decisions some their own improvement, the teacher must of course bear many different strategies to achieve differentiation.According to Bloom Learners should benefit from cognitive, affective and psycho-motor domains, that is why is very important for teachers to prepare a large variety of resources to enable a benefit learning, thinking about the learning styles of the pupils and adapting all of these thoroughly. The teaching should focussing on the fussy intelligences of each person (multiple intelligence H.Gardner) .4) Starter it can be defined as an attention take inber, teachers as part of their lesson delivery must be creative and think in ways to grab and incite attention to the lesson, a starter is defined by many as a fun based activity that will belch curiosity. Creativity can be in any form, the starter should be brief, allowing pupils mind to get interest in the subject making them want to know more. Starters can be linked as well with previous subjects to carry on continuity of the lesson, always bearing in mind to use as much as practical all learning styles, also keeping in mind strategies to grab the attention of SEN pupils who expertness not be as excited as his peers in knowing more about the lesson, always have differentiation as a second nature.5) Main Lesson Is the period of time in which learners are taught about a particular subject or taught how to perform a particular activity, In other words, is the delivery of the lesson by the teacher the transfer of knowledge, it should be in an oderly fashion, using as much teaching methods and ressources as affirmable in order to mix in all learning styles and learning intelligences (H gardner). It is the obligation of the teacher to build some kind of motivation from the part of his pupils into the lesson and thus, enabeling an burning l earning. The main lesson can include Videos, peer talk, debates, discussions, visits from people into the classroom. There should be a variety of student activities, they should be engaged, active, not passive in order to reinforce the learning experience, this activity part takes place briefly after the learning experience.6) The Plenary The comprehensive helps Students to have an overall work out of what they are learning What have we learned today from this/these activities? Pupils usually reflect their difficulties and doubts, these can be discussed and help clear common difficulties Summary notes can be given at the end. After completion of work it is important to go over any common difficulties with the group, it is important to ask for feedback from the class as a whole in order to summarize what has been learned, the plenary can be a very interesting part of a lesson for inexperience or new teachers as own teaching performance can be asses to see if the primary lesson obj ective is being met, teachers can then realize what is going wrong in the delivery of their own teaching through the plenary.Lesson plan is a rigorous method to structure what is going to occur in the lesson. Lesson plan is an art not a Science, (442 teaching today) Which lead to the conclude that a lesson plan is the key for a succesful lesson, planning carefully and thourufully each lesson, taking into account the needs of the students, get a line unexpected situations, always thinking in preparing too much because at the end of the day fail to plan is plan to fail.B) Explain how a lesson plan can meet the needs of individual learnersInclusion, differentiation, diversity, entitlement, equal opportunities, special needs, personalised learning, ensuring equal opportunities All of these concepts are highlighted strongly to trainee teachers and always brought up as if it was the most important concepts in teaching and the reality is then that those concept are the most important and the first that should be expose in mind at all times when wanting to teach in an UK classroom, concepts that must become an automatism in the teaching profession. The UK is hitherto a multi-ethnic and cultural society that has put equality of rights at the top, reason why education must reflect the same vision and values. But how can a lesson plan meet the needs of individual learners in a classroom where every individual might have a learning need?It will be illustrated the issue of inclusive education and mix abilitiy in the classroom and how a well prepared lesson plan can meet the needs of individual learners and have an inclusive approach.In 1978 Baroness Warnock in the early 1980s laid the foundation for the Statement of peculiar(prenominal) Education Needs a legally binding assesment guaranteeing ressources for children with severe needs, she denounced as well segregation in the schools and coined the term SEN. The principle of Inclusion is that children with peculiar(pre nominal) Educational Needs (SEN) or a Disability have the right to be educated in Mainstream Schools alongside other children from their community sooner than being educated in Special Schools(cita). Main education needs are the followingCognitive and learning difficulties (dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia)Autistic spectrum difficultiesBehavioural, social and mad difficultiesSensory and physical (Visual and hearing impairments)Interaction difficulties (EAL-English)Inclusion can be seen as a top up for integration, is about removing all possible barriers that avoid development, learning and participation in the school, and that includes drafting every lesson plan in this fashion. Teachers can always consider his pupils special needs and integrate appropiate strategies and resources on his lesson plans, they should not be necessarirly time or money consuming and should be, of course effective.There are however situations in which the need of the pupil is severe and such an approach c an be inadequate in meeting certain pupils needs, in these cases, special provisions and IEPs Individual Education Plan, can help the concerned pupil in achieveing set targets in his learning, and thus ameliorating by identifying his learning style. IEP will be explained more in depth in section (D) of this module.As a result of inclusion, integration and diversity in the classroom, teachers face themselves with the challenging task of delivering lesson to mix-abilities pupils. Education in the UK is dealt in a cognitive progression (citacion), The National Curriculum sets targets and attainment levels, their porpuse is to differeantiate that pupils have different abilities, they all have differences in learning styles, different ways of thinking and preferences, Hence the reason why teachers must integrate sustainable and measurable learning challengeces, integrating a variety of activiy for each learning and ability group in order to go along their abilities.An example would be as illustrated in denotation where, as shown in this lesson plan for year 3, teacher introduce all VAK learning styles into his lesson plan, making as well provisions and arrangements for students who might demonstrate a lack of inclusion to the mainstream lesson, the teacher had the previous acknoledgemt about his classroom, knowing that he has two statemented pupils, an autistic and an ADHD. Teacher has made provisions for a rich lesson in ressources and VAK styles (citacion), taking into account the fact tthat they will be pertained to develop their way of learning and understanding, challenged to carry on their learning in mainstream at the same time that their peers , this will give confidence to them, encouraging, making them part of the lesson as a whole, inluding them, integrating them into the lesson, which is exactly what the National Curriculum says. Teachers should understant of course, how far to push and how, understand the limitations of the learners.When a teacher sees a sign of alarm e.g, a pupil left behind and lost in the lesson, is the teachers duty to have made previous provisions and take inmediate action to help metting that particular pupils learning need. Teacher can first, as part of his lesson, expect this situations arising and have a back up plan to support, they should be effective but not exhausting and consuming that would distract the teacher from the rest of the pupils (see annex special provisions) drafting an IEP in cases where there is a genuine strong difficulty, its the tool will allow us in identifying the rot of these difficulties as well as in understanding how to reach this learner, what is his learning style ? and the special provisions that will be through with(p) for him, would be discovered, and easier to implement in the future. See IEP (section d of this module)We must not forger that as teacher, we will have the opportunity to encounter many gifted and capable pupils, who themselves, happened to have a lear ning need, in fact, if as teacher we concentrate too much in delivering a lesson objective without preparing more in depth ressources and knowledge, these students will not be benefeting of and appropriate education, these pupils demonstrate leadership, initiative, creativitenes, high level of practical skills, so there must be provisions done to meet these demanding needs as the group is achieveng as well in its many different abilities.Research and observations from educators has led to a large variety of teaching methods, research done by Professor basin Hattie concluded that successful methods share three caractheristics They set challenging tasks, students and teacher get informative feedback and that the teaching was constructivist. Concluding that after all the teaching procces should include both parties constatntly evolving (Student Teacher) and have a dialogue approach. Learning from studies done about education will enable teachers in many different ways about deliverin g an inclusive education.Teachers must make sure to adquire as much academic knowledge regarding inclusion as possible and apply in many different ways, being an energetic proactive person willing to enthusiastically and objectively deliver a lesson plan with the solely objective in mind (in the mind of the teacher), of making that lesson objective for the day create great learning outcomes from the part of the pupils, and repeat that every day.c. Be able to adopt an inclusive lesson plan for a mix-ability group.D) Be able to demonstrate understanding of an IEP.When do we write an IEP? More than just understanding an IEP, knowing when to apply one is the real challenge. When the expected results in the pupil learning are not met, and there are signs of alarm, an IEP is an early intervention. IEPs are working documents for all staff that must be written in a jargon free language understandable for all. In it, a structured planning documentation to help students achieve identified tar gets. It ditacte what should be teach and the criteria setting realistic targets that should be assessable and understandable. They should be teaching and learning plans setting out what, how and how often particular knowledge, understanding and skills should be taught. Using additional or different activities from the mainstream lesson. It contains the steps and teaching requirements needed to help students achieve identified targets.(inclusive edu)Porpuses of IEPs are mostly ocused in addresing an identified learning need in order to discover proper ways on how to meet the pupils learning need, and how to address it. As a result of an IEP, teachers have two tools early action positive(p) and school action plus. The former, focuses on what provisions can the school make to help the pupil using internal resources in the school, the latter, is intervention of external parties from the school that can address more appropiately e.g psychologists, police, etc (cita)An IEP should includ e Short term targets, teaching strategies, provisions, revision date, succes or exit criteria, outcomes. Everything should be realistic and integral to classroom and curriculum planning. Targets should be achievable for both pupil and teacher, they should be in small steps so that the succes is clearly visible to the pupil as he will become more self-confident, the challenges will be made rigourous. Parents should always be informed and communicate with them, they are a great source of information and help.Pupils informaito nshould be communicated to all staff inless issues of confidentiallity should be considered. However if the need is severe or complex, all staff should be informed, record progress and share with parents al the information. Its important to note that matched tuition will not always be the best way an alternative and most appropitate way will be providing differentiated or additional learning material, equipment, peer or adult support.As a result of an IEP, conc erne pupils will be monitored and will benefit from differentiated or additional learning that in some cases led the educators the task to make the pupil achieve targets, an IEP is the first step in cases when educators are identifying a genuine learning difficulty requiring a statementing process, informaton about the5- Classroom behavious instructionA) Understand different strategies for dealing with childrens demeanor in the classroom and their link with different theories on behaviour.Classroom management is how the teacher delivers the curriculum and the environment at which students will learn (cita pag55 mana). Throughout time, q lqrve variety of theories and strategies about behaviour have been made available, thanks