13 Days and the Cold War Essay Sample free essay sample

The film 13 yearss describes the existent events that happened during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. It was the first clip during the Cold War that United States and the Soviet Union about engaged in all-out atomic war. The president of the United States at the clip was John F. Kennedy ( Bruce Greenwood ) . He had to instantly make up ones mind the most effectual manner of action for the state after seeing images from a U-2 undercover agent plane demoing missiles in Cuba placed by the Soviet Union capable of destructing monolithic countries of the state. With the aid of particular adjunct Kenny O’Donnell ( Kevin Costner ) and lawyer General. besides Brother Robert F. Kennedy ( Kevin Costner ) . the President must avoid bad determinations that could take to a war with the Soviets since it involved atomic arms and that would besides forestall them from occupying Berlin. Another of import character during the event is the Chief of staff of the USAF General Curtis LeMay ( Kevin Conway ) who would prefer to take immediate action and occupy Cuba instead than happening a warless solution. The film focuses on the meetings and treatments held in the White House where the President took some clip to eventually denote the struggle that developed a widespread terror in the state. The secretary of Defense Robert McNamara ( Dylan Baker ) and Ambassador of the United States to the UN Adlai Stevenson played critical functions during that period by demoing images of the missiles at the UN meeting when the tenseness of a war started lifting. The first measure that the United States took in response to the images of the missiles is telling the U. S Naval forces to halt all the ships come ining Cuban Waterss and look intoing if they were transporting any arms. In response to the encirclement done by the U. S. the Soviets wanted the U. S to publicly denote that they will neer occupy Cuba. Later on. a 2nd status is proposed by the Sovietss that deal with the U. S taking its Jupiter missiles from Turkey. Since the Cold War was a tight competition between the two powers. the United St ates decided to disregard the 2nd status proposed by the Soviet Union and seek to reason the trade with the first status merely. In the interim. different actions are done without informing the President such as the U. S violative missile. Furthermore. the President’s Brother Robert F. Kennedy was assigned to complete the trade at the Soviet embassy by accepting that the United States will neer occupy Cuba and he besides accepted the 2nd status which consists of taking all Jupiter missiles from Turkey but his status was to maintain it a secret understanding between the two powers and non announced publicly. On the other manus. Robert F. Kennedy wanted the Soviet Union to take the missiles in Cuba. To outdo understand how the two powers came to the phase of the Cuban Missiles of 1962. an account of the development and advancement of the Cold War is necessary. First of all. what need to be said about it is that. it is a war that was fought through thoughts and political agencies instead than military intercession. The tenseness started after the success of the two powers with a impermanent confederation t o breakdown the Nazi Germany. go forthing them with political differences that turned into a competition of who is traveling to govern the universe politically and economically. At the terminal World War II in 1945. the Soviets occupied Eastern Europe by straight busying states like Poland. Latvia. Estonia. Lithuania. Eastern Finland and Eastern Romania as Soviet Socialistic Republics. presenting Communism and the United States along with Alliess such as Britain. France occupied West Europe back uping Capitalism with Berlin as the in-between point. At the Potsdam Conference. Harry S. Truman. the President of the United States in that period and Joseph Stalin as the Premier of the Soviet Union started to hold really different positions about the hereafter development of Germany and Eastern Europe and that is when Truman informed Stalin about the ownership of a powerful arm. On the other manus. Stalin replied stating that he liked the intelligence and that he hoped that it will be used against Japan. which was the instance since the U. S bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki a hebdomad after. Other states that the Soviets took over after the release from the Nazis and that were converted to satellite provinces are Poland. Bulgaria. Hungary. Czechoslovak. and Albania. On February of 1946. The U. S introduced the â€Å"Long Telegram† from Moscow that subsequently became the basic scheme against the Soviet Union. Sometime on that same twelvemonth. the Soviets did the same thing by doing the ‘†Novikov Telegram† . The competition kept lifting between the two powers and the British Prime Minister at the clip. Winston Churchill gave a address in Fulton. Missouri saying the Anglo-American against the Soviet Union. A twelvemonth subsequently in 1947. the British authorities announced that it could no longer finance the Grecian military against the Communist moving ridge and the American response to the proclamation was the allotment of $ 400 million given to the Grecian authorities in order to counter the Communism and that helped them win the military civil war. The fund was called the Truman Doctrine. In June of the same twelvemonth. the U. S supplied another fund known as the Marshall program which consisted of economically assisting all the European states. Greece. Turkey. including the 1s governed by the Soviets after an unsuccessful effort to acquire to an understanding with the Soviet to decide the German state of affairs by making an independent system. The intent of the fund was to recons truct Europe from the effects of the war and to forestall political revolutions from the Soviets through communist parties. Another of import event that took topographic point during the same twelvemonth was the creative activity of the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) and the National Security Council that became the chief disposals for the U. S policy during the Cold War. In response to the Marshal program. Stalin believed that by accepting fund from the U. S. Eastern states will get away Soviet control. so he rejected the assistance and introduced the Molotov program which was a system that created economic confederation between the states under Soviet control in order to forestall them to trust on American Aid and to merchandise between each other. Many representative of Western powers started happening solutions in order to industrialise Germany one time once more and they besides introduced a new currency named Deutsche Mark that replaced the old currency debased by the Soviets. In1948. Stalin decided to halt all the supply coming from the East boundary line to the West side. In response to Stali n Acts of the Apostless. Western states along with other states such as Canada. Australia and New Zealand introduced the â€Å"Berlin Airlift† that helped provide West Berlin with nutrient and other demands. A twelvemonth after. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created affecting Britain. France. United States. Canada and other Western states which is a military organisation that would assist counter a military onslaught from Soviets or others. On the Asiatic side. The U. S along with the Nationalist Government was defeated against the people’s Liberation Army and which subsequently became ally with the Sovietss. Due to the events. the Truman disposal reinforced the defence and started expands control into Asia. Africa and Latin America to counter nationalist motion. frequently financed by the Soviet Union. The consequence of the U. S enlargement was a figure of confederations with Japan. Australia. New Zealand. Thailand and the Philippines that resulted in a long term military bases. By 1950. North Korean People’s Army invaded South Korea and the UN along with its Western Alliess. Australia. South Africa joined to halt the onslaught. The military construction of N ATO strengthened from the event of the Korean War and the British functionaries tried took the enterprise to stop the struggle by allowing the UN decide it and take out all foreign forces. 3 old ages subsequently. Joseph Stalin died and Nikita Khrushchev became the new Soviet leader denoting Stalin’s offenses. In the interim. Dwight D. Eisenhower took office in the U. S presidential term and started to cut down military financess and fight the war more efficaciously. About 10 old ages has passed since the beginning of the Cold War and the world of the war between the two powers became a battle between Communism and Capitalism. In Khrushchev political positions were different than Stalin since he supported war. He threatened the West states repeatedly about atomic extinction and claimed that the Soviet arm were much more destructive than the U. S missiles. In 1958. the Soviet leader gave an ultimatum to the West Alliess to take their military personnels from Berlin ; nevertheless his call was rejected by NATO. Furthermore. The U. S and the Soviets competed in act uponing 3rd universe states even though some states choose to remain impersonal and non to take a political or economic side. The following twelvemonth in 1959. the relationship between Cuba and the United States wasn’t traveling good since the revolutionist of the clip Fidel Castro didn’t back up the thought of trusting on the United States economically. Before Dwight D. Ei senhower left office. he improved the U. S-Cuban relationship until toilet F. Kennedy took office after him in 1961 and ordered along with the CIA the failed invasion of the island in â€Å"Las Vilas Province† which publicly degraded the United States. The Soviet Union took advantage of the state of affairs and brought support to Cuba. At the same clip in Berlin. major figure of immature professionals started to immigrate from the East side to the West sing more chances and better hereafter which resulted in a major â€Å"brain drain’’ . The Soviets reacted by constructing a barrier that subsequently became the Berlin Wall in order to halt the out-migration. Coming back to Cuba. the U. S president and his disposal were happening ways to coup detat of the Cuban authorities and since the Soviets heard about the U. S program ; they decided to convey missiles to Cuba. As shown on the film 13 Days. this was the clip that brought the two powers the closest to a atomic war. Fortunately. the determination to a war didn’t take topographic point. the Soviets agreed to take the missiles from Cuba if the U. S announce publicly that it will neer occupy Cuba and to take out their military personnels from Turkey.